Jake Vigdor, a professor of public policy at the University of Washington, has updated a measure of residential segregation he co-created with David Cutler and Ed Glaeser back in 1999. Here's the latest, based on 2020 census results:
These are both measures of racial concentration, which Vigdor explains here. The main point, however, is that both measures have continued to decline, which means that overall racial segregation is also declining. But why? The end of legal segregation in the 1960s is one reason, but Vigdor also says this:
In more recent decades, demographic change and gentrification (often spurred by government action) have transformed what had been predominantly black neighborhoods. In 1960, 70% of black metro area residents lived in a majority-black neighborhood. In 2020, that's fallen to 35%.
As is so often the case, the lesson here is that things are getting better and we have a lot more work to do.
I think the main reason for majority black neighborhoods getting less "segregated " in recent decades is not less black/white prejudice (from either side), it is simply the big influx of Hispanic immigration, especially illegal.
They need to live somewhere and have little money. At the start of the Hispanic immigration wave, traditional Hispanic neighborhoods just were not large enough to take in all the immigrants. So they went to where the cheapest housing was - generally the black neighborhoods. And replaced the middle class blacks who were moving out, largely into white neighborhoods ( and this was due a lot to less discrimination).
For a black person living in a middle class suburb that is majority non Hispanic white (who earlier would have lived in the "black area of the city"), that is largely due to less racial discrimination. For a black person living in what was the "black ghetto" which is now majority Hispanic, that is due to Hispanics replacing blacks as the poor working class with the lowest paid jobs.
There also seems to be a more generalized movement of non-white blue collar workers into neighborhoods that were previously white blue collar.
Immigrants often do take a while to establish themselves financially, especially when they are refugees. This does sometimes mean that recent immigrants move into low-income neighborhoods, which have historically tended to majority black. But they dont always stay there for more than a couple decades.
There is also a very strong movement of working class immigrants of all races into inner ring suburbs. Places that were examples of white flight in 1950 are now full of 1st and 2nd generation Americans from all over the world. I can see this all over my metro area.
Here in Northern VA the inner ring suburbs are gentrifying at a rapid pace, what few affordable areas are getting out of reach for working class the stock of cheap rental apartments is shrinking. The working class is being chased out to the ex-urbs.
Notice how low it was in 1900. Sorta proof Separate/equal worked when tried.
That's what it looks like when your domestic workers have to live within a short walking distance of their employers (often on the same property).
Same goes for agricultural workers, especially those working on small portions of former plantations.
Ding!
Shooter goes from being a messy drunk to a Plessy drunk.
Relating to the rise and fall of racism,
Laura Ingraham's father was an abusive, alcoholic Nazi who kept a copy of 'Mein Kampf' in the living room -- according to her brother,
https://www.rawstory.com/laura-ingraham-s-brother-our-father-was-a-nazi-sympathizer/
Well I, for one, am astonished.
He wasn't a Nazi. Follow his linage of Jewish ancestry(of course, so did the Nazis themselves, it helped them reemerge in the globalist system/Permindex) after the War.
Posts like these.....
Fwiw, Charles "Lind"bergh likely came from a lapsed Jewish family on his paternal side. Let us note, this was widely reported in the 1930's. It also explains why Charles was such a big mouth. The Lindbergh baby scheme, a coverup.
If you were just an idiot you'd be stupid but you're not just an idiot you're also stupid, I think is the distinction you're trying to make here.
Good news.
This brings up something I've been wondering about and I'm sure someone must have done some study on. What happens to Black communities when housing discrimination and unequal school support are eliminated? Many are a direct result of redlining and other discriminatory practices. Do ethnic neighborhoods still exist under greater equality and what happens when those disappear?
How well does the decline of residential segregation correlate with the growth of private/charter schools?
Desecration does have some negative effects on the previously discriminated against community.
One thing strict segregation did do was force the more successful , wealthy, educated blacks, and those who were natural leaders, in that poor segregated community. Bad for them as, no matter how successful they were they could not " move on up to the west side ".
But by retaining those most able to lead a strong community in that segregated ghetto , that did allow the community to establish strong social structures and good community values, even if the community as a whole was very poor and duscriminated against.
Desegregation did sort of "hollow out" the social structure of the poor black neighborhoods which may have left the ones behind ( who could not afford to leave anyway) worse off. And this was exaserbated by perverse incentives of a poorly structured welfare system ( where sometimes working left you poorer).
Based on what I have seen, it appears that urban areas that became majority black in the 60's are now being revitalized and taken over by rich white people. And more so than in the past the ejected are realigning based on class instead of race. Whether this is desegregation or the forceful displacement of people from their neighborhoods is primarily a matter of perspective; although, if you are the one being forced to leave you're probably going to have a strong opinion that it is the latter.
Here in Seattle, the black neighborhoods have gentrified and many black families have moved to south King County where housing is more affordable. Although that conclusion makes the assumption that black families need to move to lower cost areas and that is not totally the case, many black families and individuals have moved into middle and upper middle class areas as well. Housing costs here suck though.
I am not sure if everyone has benefited from the migration. In general the distribution of races is better IMHO.
That sounds more like gentrification. For white people to move in, working class black people have to move out. Or be moved out.
Gentrification is exaggerated as a trend in the media as opposed to formerly black neighborhoods becoming Hispanic, which has happened even more. There is a common gentrification label for one and not even such a common nickname for the latter.
Gentrification happens in areas known by the types of people that condition the media and other elite and known about as they are the ones and their friends are the ones who are gentrifying.. And as almost all are woke liberals, they feel guilt about doing it and we see news report and fictional shows ad nauseum about it .
And where does it occur? You hear about gentrification pushing out the poorest of the poor but that is mostly bs. You think there are many brave yuppies wanting to be the fitst high income gentrifier moving into the worst high crime all minority neighborhood? No. They gentrify more working class or even middle class minority neighborhoods - ones where the old residents or certainly poorer than they ever experienced but are at least somewhat stable places where they will not feel they will get killed walking on the street. But from the upper income spoiled perspective they grew up in, it feels like they are moving into the deep dark scary ghetto.
And they displace mostly those struggling but working class minorities who are doing just well enough to be able to live in a relatively decent neighborhood and not the worst one..
Meanwhile the phenomenon of Hispanics replacing blacks from traditional black neighborhoods is fairly unreported and not discussed. Because it has nothing at all to do with the lives of those in the media who set the story.
Just check the Hispanic percentages in many famous black neighborhoods like watts.
I don't know how this looks in Orange County but here in Santa Clara county--whatever those indices tell you--things look quite segregated. I have yet to meet a black person who lives in Los Gatos for example.
Anyway: segregation is not just Black vs. White; it is more like Black/Hispanic vs. White/Asian (actually more complicated). If a black person lives in a district that is not majority Black they may live in a district that is nonetheless small-minority White.
I think the people responsible for policy around 1960 to 1970--if they could come back from the dead for an audit--would be appalled at the petty little progress we have made through all these decades.
Los Gatos is around 1% black. California overall is under 6%. So not sure that is a great example of extreme segregation. Maybe you just do not meet many blackd in your social circle are meet few from Los Gatos?Honestly you just do not tend to see as much extreme segregation in the west.
While grouping Asian and white is not that far off, I am not sure about black and Hispanic. I think Hispanics tend to mix in some with all other races. Very poor Hispanics do live in neighborhoods with poor blacks but middle class and above Hispanics tend to integrate well with whites. Check out los Gatos Hispanic population.